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Urban
Today, 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 68% by 2050. In the face of rapidly rising urbanization, many governments have struggled to keep up with the demand for infrastructure and social services such as electricity, water and sanitation, transport, solid waste management, and health care.
Fragile Situations
Around the world, poverty is increasingly concentrated in countries and regions affected by fragility and conflict, which intensify already acute challenges to development. Fragility and conflict can range from persistent domestic or cross-border violence to vulnerability in the face of natural disasters.
Independent Verification
In an OBA project, service delivery is contracted out to a third party, either a government or private sector entity, who assumes a portion of the project risk by providing pre-financing and then receives a subsidy to complement or replace user fees once outputs (such as solar home systems or connection of households to water supply systems) have been verified by an independent verification age
Public-Private Partnerships
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a way to leverage private financing and know-how to deliver development solutions.
Analyzing the Use of Output-Based Aid (OBA) in Urban Transport
This report discusses the applicability of output-based aid (OBA) to the urban transport sector in cities of developing and emerging countries, and draws recommendations for the design of OBA-financed projects – and, more broadly, of output-oriented pro-poor projects – that address the issues that typically affect the sector.
Land Administration
Land and housing ownership are important assets for the poor and must be properly managed and administered to benefit them. SDG 1.4 aims to ensure that, by 2030, all men and women, in particular the poor and vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property.